Impact of Financial Development and Foreign Direct Investment on Investment Allocation Efficiency in China : An Evidence Based the Industrial Panel Data

Using China’s provincial panel data set containing 17 industries from 2006 to 2012, we assess the effect of financial development and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the allocation of China’s industrial investment, based on two investment allocation efficiency indicators, the industrial sales elasticity of total fixed assets and the industrial value added elasticity of total fixed assets, respectively. When using the sales elasticity of total fixed assets to indicate investment allocation efficieng, we find that FDI and stock market activities had negative effects while investment allocation efficiency was spurred by domestic bank loan whose impact was largely reduced by FDI, and loan to the private sector had a mild influence on investment allocation efficiency. Contradictory results are obtained by using industrial value added elasticity of total fixed assets as the indicator of the investment allocation efficiency, which could be attributed to the fact that China\u27s FDI was below the minimum threshold value to fully promote the optimization of domestic bank loan but reached that for loans to the private sector. Furthermore, stock market has a positive effect on investment allocation efficiency and barely any crowding out effect on FDI. Therefore, policy-makers should carefully consider the economic condition, the development plan and location when choosing the optimal investment scheme, and gradually switch the sales-driven investment strategy to that aiming at increasing industrial value-added

Study on Influencing Factors of the Changing of Rural Residents Income Structure in Heilongjiang Province

Base on analysis of the structure change of rural residents income in Heilongjiang province, Studying on main affective factors of the structure change of rural residents on income. The results showed that: a) To further strengthen the agricultural foundation status, create conditions for rural residents increase household business income. b) Adjust the rural industry and product structure, promote industrial upgrading. c) Correctly guide the rural surplus labor transfer, develop the third industry. d) To develop the education, strengthen the hand in hand with the development of rural education and skills training. e) According to distribution of elements as the main body, variety of modes of distribution coexist, improve the rural economy and financial market environment. f. Increase spending on national finance in rural areas

Paving the Way for Distributed Artificial Intelligence over the Air

Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) is regarded as one of the most promising techniques to provide intelligent services under strict privacy protection regulations for multiple clients. By applying DAI, training on raw data is carried out locally, while the trained outputs, e.g., model parameters, from multiple local clients, are sent back to a central server for aggregation. Recently, for achieving better practicality, DAI is studied in conjunction with wireless communication networks, incorporating various random effects brought by wireless channels. However, because of the complex and case-dependent nature of wireless channels, a generic simulator for applying DAI in wireless communication networks is still lacking. To accelerate the development of DAI applied in wireless communication networks, we propose a generic system design in this paper as well as an associated simulator that can be set according to wireless channels and system-level configurations. Details of the system design and analysis of the impacts of wireless environments are provided to facilitate further implementations and updates. We employ a series of experiments to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system design and reveal its superior scalability

Effect of Ceramic Properties and Depth-of-penetration Test Parameters on the Ballistic Performance of Armour Ceramics

Through an analysis on the relationship among ceramic properties, the depth of penetration (DOP) test parameters and the ballistic performance of armour ceramics based on literatures, the effects of ceramic type, tile thickness and projectile velocity on the ballistic performance of different kinds of ceramics were investigated systematically. The results show that the ballistic performance of different armour ceramics mainly depends on its density, and by using thin ceramic tiles or under high velocity impact, the ceramic composite armour could not provide effective ballistic protection. Furthermore, the differences in the ballistic performance of armour ceramic are found due to the different ballistic performance criteria and DOP test conditions. Additionally, the slope of the depth of penetration (not include tile thickness) (Pa) versus tile thickness has negative correlation with flexural strength of ceramics, indicating the flexural strength can be one of the criteria to evaluate the performance of armour ceramics

Research on the interpretation method of channel waves for various abnormal bodies in geologically transparent working faces

The transparency of mine geology is a new requirement for safe and efficient mining of coal mines. For working faces with complex geological conditions, channel wave detection technology is one of the commonly used geophysical prospecting methods. If there are multiple geological anomalies on the working face, its attributes cannot be accurately determined. Distinguish and explain. Taking a working face in Yangquan, Shanxi as an example, a three-dimensional wave field simulation was carried out on a working face including faults, collapsed columns, thin coal belts, and deflection. Analysis of dispersion characteristics; combined with the numerical model of the longitudinal wave amplitude and velocity, shear wave amplitude and velocity, high-frequency groove wave amplitude and velocity, and low-frequency groove wave amplitude and velocity 8 types of CT inversion imaging, the fault, collapse column, thin different response characteristics of four geological anomalies, coal belt and flexure, on channel wave attributes. The results show that: ①The main frequency and velocity of the channe wave anomaly caused by the fault is basically the same as that of the coal seam without geological anomaly. The amplitude of shear wave, high frequency and low frequency channe wave can significantly identify the fault, and the speed of shear wave, high frequency channe wave and low frequency channe wave can be compared. Significantly identify faults, the longitudinal wave amplitude and longitudinal wave velocity cannot effectively identify the fault; ②The single shot characteristics of the collapsed column are characterized by low-order weakening and high-order enhancement. The amplitude of shear wave, high frequency, and low frequency channe wave can significantly identify the collapsed column, shear wave, and high frequency. The frequency slot wave velocity can identify the collapse column more significantly, while the longitudinal wave amplitude, longitudinal wave velocity and low frequency slot wave velocity cannot effectively identify the collapse column; ③The main frequency of the thin coal belt is basically unchanged, the speed is reduced, the high frequency slot wave amplitude and velocity, low frequency The amplitude and velocity of the channe wave can distinguish thin coal belts, the amplitude of longitudinal wave and transverse wave can distinguish thin coal belts significantly, and the amplitude of longitudinal wave and transverse wave cannot effectively identify thin coal belts; ④The amplitude of the deflection spectrum is enhanced, and the high frequency channe The wave amplitude and the low-frequency groove wave amplitude can distinguish the deflection more significantly, and the other properties of the groove wave are not obvious in the recognition of the deflection. According to the response characteristics of different geological anomalies on single shot, frequency dispersion, frequency spectrum and wavefield CT imaging, the geological recognition of channe wave anomalies is realized, and the shape, location and size of various geological anomalies are accurately explained, which is geologically transparent. The establishment of the chemical working face laid the “material” foundation

Marginalisation of the Dan Fishing Community and Relocation of Sanya Fishing Port, Hainan Island, China

When marginal groups face social transformation, they risk being unable to adapt and acquire equal developmental opportunities, slipping into ‘further marginalisation’. This paper explores the case of the Dan fishing community of Sanya City, Hainan, China. Efforts to transform Sanya City into an international island tourism destination involve plans to relocate Sanya fishing port and to clear the adjacent neighbourhood inhabited by the Dan people, traditionally a boat-dwelling people, who have long been marginalised relative to China’s land-oriented society. As their natural and social resources dwindle, the Dan of Sanya City must cope with the loss of their homes and livelihoods, as they are forced into the city’s suburbs and as the port relocation complicates the economics and practicalities of making a living from the fishing industry. This paper argues for greater attention to be given to local needs in the formulation of urban development strategies in island cities

Speciation of iron(II/III) at the iron-cement interface: a review.

Steel is used as reinforcement in construction materials and it is also an important component of cement-stabilized waste materials to be disposed of in deep geological repositories for radioactive waste. Steel corrosion releases dissolved Fe(II/III) species that can form corrosion products on the steel surface or interact with cementitious materials at the iron-cement interface. The thermodynamically stable Fe species in the given conditions may diffuse further into the adjacent, porous cement matrix and react with individual cement phases. Thus, the retention of Fe(II/III) by the hydrate assemblage of cement paste is an important process affecting the diffusive transport of the aqueous species into the cementitious materials. The diffusion of aqueous Fe(II/III) species from the steel surface into the adjacent cementitious material coupled with the kinetically controlled formation of iron corrosion products, such as by Fe(II) oxidation, decisively determines the extension of the corrosion front. This review summarises the state-of-the art knowledge on the interaction of ferrous and ferric iron with cement phases based on a literature survey and provides new insights and proper perspectives for future study on interaction systems of iron and cement